Oil burning apparatus



April 13, 1943. H. B. DONLEY 2,316,226

OIL BURNING APPARATUS Filed May 9, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet l III I 1| OPOOOOO0I700000000000OOOOOOOOOOOODOHIF A f/dwmg abtowm April 13, 1943. I

' H. B.DONLEY 2,316,226 OIL BURNING APPARATUS Filed May 9, 1939 2 Sh'eets-Shet 2 Patented Apr. 13, 1943 OFFICE 2,316,226 OIL BURNING APPARATUS Harold B. Donley, Columbus, Ohio, assignor to Columbus Metal Products, Inc.,

Columbus,

Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application May 9, 1939, Serial No. 272,623 Claims. (Cl. 158-91) heat was again required.

Attempts have been made to provide burners which would operate with a very small flame, in low stage of operation, by positioning secondary air disseminating heads in the center of the com-v I'he disseminating heads in very low stage of a burner having a high heating out appreciable smoke or soot formation.

Another object is the construction of a. burner having a combustion vessel formed with a closed oil-receiving bottom wall and a perforated vertical side wall, a ring-like distributor manifold being positioned in the vessel below the perfora- Lions in the side walls and spaced from the bottom wall and having a plurality of air outlet openings which will supply both primary and secondary air during low stage combustion and primary air only during high stage combustion.

Another object is to so locate and direct the manifold that the vapors arising from the bottom wall will be induced to flow toward the lowing description and the-accompanying drawings showing the detailed construction of a burner provided in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a side elevational View partly in vercal section of a burner mechanism provided in stalled in a furnace;

Fig. 2 is a, vertical sectional view taken through the burner shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a detailed sectional view on an enlarged scale of a portion of a distributor manifold used in the burner;

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional viewtaken on the plane indicated by the line IV-IV of. Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view through a slightly modified form of burner;

Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view showing the connection between the upper and lower portions of the side wall of the combustion vessel.

erally directed flange l0 formed at the upper end of a cylindrical wall ll forming a part of the combustion vessel of the burner.

The outer end of the pipe l3, in the present instance, is connected with a fuel control valve 14 positioned in the housing 3. When the valve 4 is in position to permit fuel flow, the fuel will openings in the above-mentioned distributor pass through the pipe 13 to the vessel l2 n be deposited on the burner is in operation, the heat will cause the fuel deposited on the bottom wall to vaporize and be consumed by the flame. To convert the vaporized fuel to a combustible mixture, the side wall II is provided with a plurality of vertically spaced rows of perforations l5 through which air passes from the chamber formed by the walls of the casing 5*.

Air is maintained under superatmospheric pressure within the casing 5 by the air supplying mechanism 16 which, in this instance, comprises a motor driven blower. The outlet end of the combustion vessel is provided with a top ring which extends inwardly toward the center of the vessel to restrict the outlet and confine the flames to the center of the burner. Immediately below the top ring, the side wall II has a large number of perforations which supply secondary air when the burner is operating at a high stage of combustion. To permit the burner to operate at an extremely low stage, the combustion vessel is provided with a ring-like distributor manifold l8 supported in spaced relation from the bottom wall of the combustion vessel by a tube l9 rigidly secured to the bottom wall. The manifold 18 is arranged in a horizontal position below the lowermost row of perforations Hi.

In the preferred form of the invention, the distributor 18 comprises a bottom wall 20 and a top wall 2| which has downwardly directed flanges 22 and 23 at its inner and outer edges, the latter being secured to the bottom wall 20 bottom wall thereof.

from combustion to form a supplemental air chamber 24. The

chamber 24 is in open communication with the air chamber formed by the casing 5 through the tubular member 19 employed to support the manifold in spaced relation from the bottom wall of the combustion vessel.

To facilitate the cleaning operation of the burner, the bottom wall 20 has a tubular extension 25 adapted to slip onto the upper end of the tube 19. By making this type of connection between the manifold and its supporting tube,

be readily removed and redesired to remove carbon or other deposits from the bottom wall of the combustion vessel.

Adjacent the periphery of the bottom wall, there is provided a circular row of circumferentially spaced openings 26, the axes of which are tilted with respect to the vertical to cause streams of air issuing therethrough to be directed downwardly and inwardly in the combustion vessel.-

These streams of air cause the oil vapors arising from the bottom wall of the vessel to move toward the center where they will mix with secondary air issuing from a group of openings 21 formed in the flange 22 of the manifold. When the burner is being operated at a low stage of combustion, the openings 26 provide primary air to mix with the fuel vapors and the openings 21 provide secondary air to complete the formation of a combustible mixture.

Since the openings 26 and 21 direct streams of air toward the center-of the combustion vessel, the fuel mixture will be confined in the center and a smaller amount of fuel can be burned without danger of being extinguished from lack of fuel. When the burner is operating at a high stage of combustion and a larger amount of fuel is fed to the combustion and 21 will feed primary vessel, the openings 26 air to mix with the oil vapors. This mixture will move upwardly in the combustion vessel and be converted into a combustible mixture by secondary air passing into the combustion vessel through the openings l5.

. During the high stage of combustion, the flames ings l5. This position may will burn in the upper portion of the burner or above the outlet formed by the top plate 11.

With the burner constructed as above described and provided with the distributor manifold, a wide range of combustion stages may be secured, that is, a burnerconstructed to give a high degree of heat and which would use a large quantity of fuel may be turned to a very low stage of combustion using a small amount of fuel, the ratio being of the order of 20 to 1 whereas in previous burners, a ratio of '1 to 1 was the maximum obtainable. By reason of this, the present burner will be efficient in operation and will operate uniformly at any point between the highest and lowest stages of operation. It will be convenient to clean and since it is composed of a minimum number of parts, the construction will be simple and the burner less apt to get out of order or require frequent service.

In the modified form of burner shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the outside diameter of the distributor manifold 28 has been reduced and the outlet openings in the bottom wall have been omitted. To provide for the inwardly and downwardly directed flow of primary air for use when the burner is operating at a low stage, the side wall Ila has its lower portion provided with a shoulder 29 in which a plurality of perforationsml are formed. The axes of these perforations are inclined in a manner similar to those of the perforations 26 and the same effect will be produced thereby. The manifold 28 is supported within the combustion vessel in concentric relationship with the side walls, the manifold being held in spaced relation from the bottom wall by a pipe 3| carried by the bottom wall of the combustion vessel. This pipe is slightly smaller in diameter than the tubular member l9 since it is only necessary in this form of burner to supply sufficient air to the manifold to provide adequate flow through the perforations 21a formed in the inner wall of the member 28. The perforations 21a correspond to the perforations 21 in the preferred form and operate in the same manner, secondary air being introduced to the burner therethrough when the burner is operating at low stage combustion.

In the modified form, the distributor ring has been illustrated as positioned between openings 30 and the lowermost row of secondary air openbe varied as desired to secure a better flame at the low stage of combustion.

I claim:

1. An oil burner comprising a combustion vessel having a closed bottom wall and a perforated side wall, means for introducing liquid fuel to said vessel, a ring-like distributor disposed in a horizontal position in said vessel below the perforations in the side wall and spaced from the bottom wall, said distributor having a plurality of downwardly and inwardly directed airoutlets, a casing surrounding said burner vessel and spaced from the side and bottom walls thereof to provide an air chamber, and means establishing communication between the interior of said distributor and said air chamber. 7

2. An oil burner comprising a combustion vessel having a closed bottom wall and a side wall provided with vertically spaced perforations, means for conducting fuel to said vessel, a casing surrounding said vessel and spaced from the bottom and side walls thereof to form an air -centric relationship with and openings'for directing streams chamber, a flattened ring-like distributor disposed in said vessel in spaced relation from the side wall provided with vertically spaced per- 'forations, fuel conducting means communicating with the interior of said vessel, a casing in which said combustion vessel is disposed, said casing being spaced from the side and bottom walls of said vessel to having closed ends, air supplying means communicating with said air chamber, a relatively thin hollow distributor manifold having a short inner wall disposed in a horizontal position in said burner vessel, said manifold being spaced from the bottom wall of said vessel, the bottom wall of said manifold being formed with a plurality of primary air outlets disposed adjacent the periphery of said manifold, the axes of the outlets being inclined slightly ,to direct the air issuing therefrom downwardly and inwardly in said vessel, the short inner wall of said manifold having a plurality of outlets for directing air toward the axis of said vessel, and tubular means for conducting air from said air chamber to said manifold.

4. An oil burner comprising a casing, means for conducting air under superatmospheric pressure to said casing, a burner vesse1 positioned in said casing in spaced relation from the side and bottom walls thereof, said vessel having a closed bottom wall and a vertical side wall provided with spaced perforations, fuel conveying means communicating with said burner vessel, a tubular member arising from the bottom wall of said vessel, and an annular distributor manifold removably supported by said tubular member in concentric relationship with said burner vessel provide an annular air chamber and adjacent the lower portion, said tubular member establishing communication between said manifold and said casing, said manifold having a plurality of outlet openings for directing streams of air toward the axis of said vessel.

5. An oil burner comprising a casing, means for conducting air under superatmospheric pressure to said casing, a burner vessel positioned in said casing in spaced relation from the side and bottom walls'thereof, said vessel having a closed bottom wall and a. vertical side wall provided with spaced perforations, fuel conveying means communicating with said burner vessel, a tubular member arising from the bottom wall of said vessel, an annular distributor manifold removably supported by said tubular member in conspaced from the upper edge of said burner vessel, the periphery of said manifold being spaced from the wall of said burner vessel to provide an air space therebetween, said tubular member establishing communication between said manifold and said casing, said manifold having a plurality of outlet of air toward the axis of said vessel, and a ring-like top plate positioned on said burner vessel to reduce the size of its outlet.

6. An oil burner comprising a cup-shaped vessel having perforations in its side wall, pipe oil thereto, a casing substantially surrounding said vessel and spaced from the side and bottom walls thereof to provide a main air chamber, a ring-like member disposed in said vessel adjacent the lower portion thereof to provide a supplemental annular air chamber therein, and tubular means establishing communication between the main and supplemental air chambers, said ringlike member having, outlet ports for directing streams of air toward the axisof said vessel.

7. An oilburner comprising a casing, means for conducting air under superatmospheric pressure to said casing, a burner vessel positioned in said casing in spaced relation from the side and bottom walls thereof, said vessel having a closed bottom wall and a vertical side wall provided with spaced perforations, fuel conveying means communicating with said burner vessel, an annular distributor manifold disposed concentrically within said vessel between the' upper edge and the bottom wall thereof, said manifold being positioned closer to plurality of air outlets directed toward the axis of said vessel, and a tubular member: for supporting said distributor and conv'eyingair from said casing thereto.

8. An oil burner comprising a cup-shaped vessel havingvertically spaced rows of perforations therein, the axes of the perforations v ermost row being inclined with respect to the vertical to direct air passing therethrough inwardly and downwardly in said vessel, pipe means air toward the axis of said vessel.

9. In an oil burner, a combustion vessel having a closed bottom wall, a perforated side wall and an inlet for liquid fuel, a ring-like air distributor disposed in a horizontal position in said vessel,

near the lowermost perforations in said side wall and spaced 8. limited distance from the bottom wall, said distributor having a plurality ofinwardly directed air outlets, and tubular means connected with said vessel and said distributor, said tubular means establishing communication between the interior of said distributor and the exterior of said vessel.

10. In an oil burner, a combustion vessel having a closed bottom wall, a. perforated side wall and an inlet for liquid fuel, a ring-like air distributor disposed in a horizontal position in said vessel near the lowermost perforations in said side wall and spaced a limited distance from the bottom wall. said distributor having a plurality of inwardly directed air outlets, and a tubular member carried by said bottom wall and promember receiving and supporting said air dismeans connected with said vessel for conducting tributor and forming an inlet through which air is supplied to the manifold.

11. .In an oil burner, a combustion vessel having a. closed bottom wall, a perforated side wall and an inlet for liquid fuel, a. ring-like air distributor disposed in a horizontal position in said vessel near the lowermost perforations in said side wall and spaced a limited distance from in the lowthe bottom wall and having a means estab- I wall toward the center the bottom wall, said distributor having a group i of downwardly and inwardly directed air outlets adjacent the outer edge thereof and a second group of inwardly directed air outlets adjacent the inner edge, and a tubular member connected at its ends" with said distributor and said vessel to support said distributor, said member forming an inlet through which air is supplied to said manifold.

12. An oil burner comprising a combustion vessel having a closed bottom wall, an annular side' wall provided near the lower portion with perforations having downwardly and inwardly inclined axes, and an inlet for liquid fuel, a casing surrounding said vessel and spaced from the side and bottom walls thereof to provide a chamber for the reception of air forcibly supplied'thereto, some of said air entering said vessel through said perforations and flowing along the bottom to pick up vapors from the fuel thereon, means disposed within, said vessel substantially in the same horizontal plane :as said downwardly directed perforations for supplying secondary air to the fuel vapors, and means establishing communication between the lastinentioned means and said air chamber to provide for the positive flow of air from the latter to the former. r

' 13. In an oil burner, a combustion vessel having a closed bottom wall, an annular side wall formed with a horizontal row of perforations having inwardly and downwardly extending axes and an inlet for liquid fuel, anair distributing ring member of small diameter relative to saidvessel disposed substantially in the same horizontal level as said row of openings, said ring member having a plurality of openings directed toward the axial v center of said vessel, and a tubular member secured to the wardly into said vessel. saidmember being secured at its upper end to said ring member and constituting an inlet for air supplied to said member.

14. In combination, in a pot type burner, a

burner pot havinga plurality of air inlet apertures located at various levels in the side wall thereof, and a pilot structure including a hollow tube extending circumferentially about said pot intermediate top and bottom thereof, said tube having a plurality of' airinlets adapted to deliver air to the space'within the pot, and means for delivering outside air pot.

pot type burner, a

extending from a wall of the 15. In combination, in a burner pot having tures located at'fvarious levels in the side wall thereof, and a pilot structure including a hollow pilot member defining a generally central aperture, means 'foridelivering air from outside the her, said hollow pilot member being provided with a plurality of air inletsadapted to deliver air to the space in the pot below said pilot member, said pilot member being located below the lowest of the air inlet apertures in the side Wall of the pot.

HAROLD B. DONLEY.

bottom wall and projecting upto the tube, including a plurality of combined supports and air ducts a plurality of air inlet aper-.

pot to the space within said hollow pilot mem 

